What were the headers about? Train schedules?
I am surprised for you Thomas22 who has followed this case so closely, you totally missed this train.
The headers contain the channel IDs, it is a 13-bit code. The PID filter's job is to identify the code in the headers so to tell the DVR which specific TV channel to tune to.
The payloads contain all the rest of the TV programming data for that channel, such as the audio time stamps, video time stamps, the video frames, the audio stream, the actual programming data, and more.
The judge actually accepted E*'s contention that the PID filter only analyzed the headers, not the payloads, but analyzing headers was good enough, because according to the judge, only "parse" was needed.
In the TiVo's most recent response, TiVo apparently saw some problem with the judge's such logic, they tried to repair it by saying, you were right E*, the "audio and video data" mattered, but there was no difference whether the PID filter analyzed only the headers but not the payloads. Both the headers and the payloads were in the same broadcast data packets, so when the PID filter analyzed the headers, it was the same as analyzing the whole broadcast data packets, which contained audio and video data in the payloads.
Yet in the E*'s most recent rely to TiVo's response, E* used TiVo's own exhibit from the patent specification, that figure shows the headers and the payloads are two distinct parts, the headers contain no audio and video data, and the PID filter only analyzes the headers, not the payloads.