One expert witness, Daniel Rascher, argued that NFL fans could get out-of-market games for no additional price if not for the “Sunday Ticket” system of giving DirecTV exclusive rights to it. He said that world would cause the NFL to look like college football, where games are shown on cable and broadcast networks through many different contracts. But his theory never explained how that would actually happen, and was “not the product of sound economic methodology,” the judge wrote. Also, in one case, former CBS Chairman Sean McManus testified his network would not have participated in the theoretical world Rascher described.
Another expert witness, John Zona, developed an analysis of what would have happened if the NFL sold "Sunday Ticket" non-exclusively. But he never produced evidence that there was a viable alternative to DirecTV during the time in question, so the judge also threw that out.