If you are talking about a digital-only channel, then it is simple- even trivial- to set multiple virtual channel numbers for one actual broadcast.
As an example, the Audio/Video usually is transmitted on one QAM channel. We will say it is on Ch. 80.2 for ESPN and 80.1 for MSG- if you used a Clear QAM tuner.
The Virtual Channel Table (VCT) would say to the cable box for channels 36, 736 and 1036 tune to 80.2
If 736 is English and 1036 is Spanish, the table will have the audio tracks adjusted and the cable box will change automatically.
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If you are talking about how they have it in analog on 36, in digital HD on 736 and um, digital SD on 1036, then yes it is quite the waste.
However, there is a lot of "legacy" equipment in installations holding back a switch to a more efficient systems.
Some places don't have good enough wiring for an all digital system. Analog degrades better to a point.
Old SD digital boxes don't have the capability to down-convert HD to SD, so they need their own digital SD feed.
New Motorola cable boxes tend to cost about $500 by the time they get to the end-user.
All of these things hold back an efficient all-digital system.
Comcast in my area switched to all digital this time last year.
I have no idea how much planning it took to switch close to a million people.
They took 6 months just with getting cable boxes out to the customers.
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Rereading your post, it seems you are on one of Cablevision's Switched Digital Video (SDV) systems. SDV is one of the most bandwidth-efficient systems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched_digital_video
SDV is also one of the most problematic since it requires two-way communication. SDV biggest problem is CLEAN transmissions to and from the cable box as well as expensive equipment to handle the on-demand transmission of different channels.
I would say my first block is your answer to what the "problem" is. As far as they are concerned it is a non-issue.
The extra channel numbers are legacy holdover and they will be removed when they are needed.