That is a darn good question, and an excellent point about scalers. Many of us have asked for a passthrough setting. The only reason I'm not 100% certain there is no good reason for Dish's fixed output is that Dish puts out non-standard resolutions. For example, the 1080i is reputedly 1440X1080. Note that there is no such mode in ATSC broadcast parlance, so a TV set up for all 18 ATSC modes might do something horrific to 1440X1080. Same for the SD signal.
Try again as of 2008 there is.
ATSC Standard A/72 Part 1:2008 (Video System Characteristics of AVC) Resolution Aspect ratio Pixel aspect ratio Scanning Frame rate (Hz) Level
Vertical Horizontal
1080 1920 16:9 square progressive 23.976
24
29.97
30
25 4
progressive 59.94
60
50 4.2
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
30 (60 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s) 4
1440 16:9 non-square
(4:3) progressive 23.976
24
29.97
30
25 4
progressive 59.94
60
50 4.2
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
30 (60 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s) 4
720 1280 16:9 square progressive 23.976
24
29.97
30
59.94
60
25
50 3.2, 4
480 720 4:3 or 16:9 non-square
(10:11 or 40:33) progressive 23.976
24
29.97
30
59.94
60
25
50 3.1, 4
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
30 (60 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s) 3
704 4:3 or 16:9 non-square
(10:11 or 40:33) progressive 23.976
24
29.97
30
59.94
60
25
50 3.1, 4
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
30 (60 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s) 3
640 4:3 square progressive 23.976
24
29.97
30
59.94
60
25
50 3.1, 4
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
30 (60 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s) 3
544 4:3 non-square
(40:33) progressive 23.976
25 3
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s)
528 4:3 non-square
(40:33) progressive 23.976
25 3
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s)
352 4:3 non-square
(20:11) progressive 23.976
25 3
interlaced 29.97 (59.94 fields/s)
25 (50 fields/s)
240 352 4:3 non-square
(10:11) progressive 23.976
25 3
120 176 4:3 non-square
(10:11) progressive 23.976
25 1.1