Yes, of course they were and that is why set top boxes continue to climb in price . Because anything that they try to do is quickly co-opted by congress ,who then steps in and , changes it and then the idea is corrupted & ends up serving the best interest of big business instead. Proves that there is so much collusion between the congress and business interests, that there is no more room for consumers interests at all. Which means that set top boxes will continue to climb in price ,just like the hopper has gone from $7.00 in 2012 to $15.00 in 2016. That Fee has more than doubled in 4 years.Not really big business concerns, more than it is free market concerns. I mean, the FCC was looking out for customers in 1992 and 1996, right?