It's a portable emergency communications satellite antenna. They're good mostly for data tx/rx and satellite phone in hard to reach areas. It's a brilliant design made for quick deployment in infrastructure-depleted areas.
It works by having two halves: the first half is the "reflector" which is basically a metal-coated skin . The second half is the air-pocket which lets microwave radiation pass through, and also houses the LNB.
Fill the ball up all the way, and it acts like a prime focus dish. Fill it up partially either way and it acts like an offset dish.